The global surge in disposable vape usage has introduced unprecedented challenges to environmental sustainability and resource management. An innovative study, Deconstructing Contemporary Disposable Vapes, led by researchers from the University of Plymouth and the Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, sheds light on the intricate material composition of these devices and their far-reaching implications.

Complex Material Composition of Disposable Vapes

Disposable vapes, often marketed as convenient and sleek devices, hide a complex composition of metals, plastics, and electronic components. The study revealed that the median weight of a single device is approximately 50 grams, with plastics constituting up to 80% of the total weight in some designs. Key materials include:

• Metals: Aluminium, copper, cobalt, and nickel are commonly used, alongside trace elements such as mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and antimony (Sb).
• Plastics: Polycarbonate and nylon dominate, while additional polymers contribute to components like wire insulation and seals.
• Batteries and Circuit Boards: Lithium-ion batteries and copper-based printed circuit boards house a mix of critical and toxic elements, including silver (Ag), bismuth (Bi), and brominated flame retardants.

These findings underline the inherent challenges of recycling disposable vapes due to their intricate construction and material heterogeneity.

The presence of toxic metals like lead and mercury raises significant health concerns. The study also highlighted the potential for microplastic and nanoplastic exposure from deteriorating nylon wicks. Furthermore, residual nicotine and brominated compounds in e-liquids amplify the hazards posed by improper disposal, impacting both human health and ecosystems.

Environmental and Resource Implications

The research emphasised the alarming environmental risks of vape litter and improper disposal. Lithium-ion batteries, for instance, pose fire hazards and contribute to soil and water contamination when damaged or landfilled. Additionally, the presence of critical elements such as cobalt and tungsten in vapes underscores the unsustainable resource demand for single-use products.

Recommendations for Sustainable Solutions

The authors advocate for urgent action, including:

• Design Innovations: Transitioning to more sustainable materials and reusable designs.
• Policy Measures: Implementing stricter regulations on production and disposal.
• Public Awareness: Educating consumers on proper disposal and recycling options.

These measures align with Green Wings Project’s mission to foster a circular economy and mitigate the environmental impact of disposable vapes.

Closing the Loop on Vape Waste

As disposable vape usage continues to rise, studies like this provide crucial insights for stakeholders. By understanding the intricate material and chemical makeup of these devices, we can develop more effective recycling strategies and advocate for sustainable alternatives.

At Green Wings Project, we see studies like this as a call to action. Addressing the challenges posed by disposable vapes is central to our mission of fostering a circular economy. We are committed to turning research insights into actionable solutions. By bridging the gap between consumers, businesses, and policymakers, we strive to address the unique challenges posed by disposable vapes. Together, we can transform these single-use products into opportunities for sustainability.

To read the full study, visit Science of the Total Environment.

Feature image by Sigmund via Unsplash

About Green Wings Project

Established in 2022, Green Wings Project is a charity organisation that aims to promote, for the benefit of the public, the conservation, protection and improvement of the physical and natural environment through promoting, identifying and advancing solutions for recycling, reuse and harmless disposal of disposable/single-use electronic products. Currently, we are running a focused initiative on disposable vape recycling.